Some students learning English can take at least 6 years to catch up to their peers. How can we support them better?
- Written by Lucy Lu, Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney
About one quarter of Australian school students are learning English as an additional language or dialect.
This means their first language or dialect is something other than English and they need extra support to develop proficiency in what we call standard Australian English.
This group of students includes immigrants and refugees from non-English speaking countries, children of migrant heritage where English is not spoken at home and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students.
But the level and duration of support they receive varies across schools. This is an issue because these students risk underachieving or being labelled as having learning difficulties without adequate help.
Until now, little was known about how long these students take to learn English.
Our new research published today by the Australian Education Research Organisation, found it can take many years for students to develop the English language skills they need. This suggests students need ongoing and targeted support to learn English as an additional language.
Our study
We looked at more than 110,000 primary and high school students in New South Wales public schools over a nine-year period.
The students were learning English as an additional language from 2014 to 2022. Our research used two methods.
First, we analysed how long it took these students to achieve the same scores in their NAPLAN reading and writing tests as their English-speaking peers with the same background characteristics. That is, students were matched for characteristics such as gender, student socio-educational advantage and school location.
Second, we analysed how long it took students learning English as an additional language to reach certain phases of language proficiency. There is a national learning progression resource for schools supporting students learning English as an additional language. It has four phases: beginning, emerging, developing and consolidating.
Targeted support is needed
Our findings have a number of implications.
Firstly, they help us understand the nature and length of support needed for students learning English students in schools.
Secondly, they highlight the importance of ongoing, targeted support for students.
This also suggests we need to make effective professional support available for teachers working with students who are learning English as an additional language.
The academic advantage of bilingual students also points to a need to encourage and support students using and developing their first and other languages, alongside English.
Authors: Lucy Lu, Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney
